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EXPLORING THE RECYCLING OF MANURE FROM URBAN LIVESTOCK FARMS: A CASE STUDY IN ETHIOPIA

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 1,

Abstract:

• Livestock manure was the main organic waste in urban and peri-urban areas.

• Manure production will increase by a factor of 3–10 between 2015–2050.

• Only 13%–38% of excreted N by livestock will be recycled in croplands.

• Intensification of urban livestock production greatly increased N surpluses.

• Reducing population growth and increasing livestock productivity needed.

 

Urban population growth is driving the expansion of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) in developing countries. UPA is providing nutritious food to residents but the manures produced by UPA livestock farms and other wastes are not properly recycled. This paper explores the effects of four scenarios: (1) a reference scenario (business as usual), (2) increased urbanization, (3) UPA intensification, and (4) improved technology, on food-protein self-sufficiency, manure nitrogen (N) recycling and balances for four different zones in a small city (Jimma) in Ethiopia during the period 2015-2050. An N mass flow model with data from farm surveys, field experiments and literature was used. A field experiment was conducted and N use efficiency and N fertilizer replacement values differed among the five types of composts derived from urban livestock manures and kitchen wastes. The N use efficiency and N fertilizer replacement values were used in the N mass flow model.

Livestock manures were the main organic wastes in urban areas, although only 20 to 40% of animal-sourced food consumed was produced in UPA, and only 14 to 19% of protein intake by residents was animal-based. Scenarios indicate that manure production in UPA will increase 3 to 10 times between 2015 and 2050, depending on urbanization and UPA intensification. Only 13 to 38% of manure N will be recycled in croplands. Farm-gate N balances of UPA livestock farms will increase to>1 t·ha−1 in 2050. Doubling livestock productivity and feed protein conversion to animal-sourced food will roughly halve manure N production.

Costs of waste recycling were high and indicate the need for government incentives. Results of these senarios are wake-up calls for all stakeholders and indicate alternative pathways.

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Microplastics in municipal wastewater treatment plants: a case study of Denizli/Turkey

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 8, doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1699-8

Abstract:

● High amounts of microplastics are released to receiving media from WWTPs.

Keywords： Microplastics     Wastewater treatment plant     Removal efficiency     Daily discharge    

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Identification of variants associated with sporadic thoracic aortic dissection: a case--control study

Frontiers of Medicine 2021, Volume 15, Issue 3,   Pages 438-447 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0826-1

Abstract: Our study identified a profile of known heritable TAD genes in the Chinese STAD population and found

Keywords： sporadic thoracic aortic dissection     exome sequencing     gene COL3A1     case–control study     extracellular    

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Screening of indicator pharmaceuticals and personal care products in landfill leachates: a case study

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 9, doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1716-y

Abstract:

● A systematic framework was developed to identify i-PPCPs for landfill leachate.

Keywords： Landfill leachates     PPCPs     Indicator     Screening criteria     Source-specificity    

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Comparison of indirect boundary element and finite element methods A case study: Shiraz-Esfahan railway

Amin MANOUCHEHRIAN, Mohammad Fatehi MARJI, Mohsen MOHEBBI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 385-392 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0173-7

Abstract: Results of current theoretical study have shown that the presented approach using IBEM is reasonably

Keywords： indirect boundary element method     finite element method     displacement     tunnel     case study    

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Classification and quantification of excavated soil and construction sludge: A case study in Wenzhou,

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 2,   Pages 202-213 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0795-8

Abstract: The present study has attempted to classify the excavated soil and construction sludge according to theirA case study in Wenzhou city of China was also pursued to illustrate the validity of the newly developed

Keywords： excavated soil     construction sludge     geotechnical and underground engineering     production     classification    

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Pavement sustainability index for highway infrastructures: A case study of Maryland

Stella O. OBAZEE-IGBINEDION, Oludare OWOLABI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2018, Volume 12, Issue 2,   Pages 192-200 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0413-y

Abstract: Pavement deterioration creates conditions that undermine their performances, which gives rise to the need for maintenance and rehabilitation. This paper develops a mathematical multi-linear regression analysis (MLRA) model to determine a pavement sustainability index ( ) as dependent variable for flexible pavements in Maryland. Four categories of pavement performance evaluation indicators are subdivided into seven pavement condition indices and analyzed as independent variables for each section of pavement. Data are collected from five different roadways using field evaluations and existing database. Results indicate that coefficient of determination ( ) is correlated and significant, = 0.959. Of the seven independent variables, present serviceability index ( ) is the most significant with a coefficient value of 0.032, present serviceability rating ( ) coefficient value= 0.028, and international roughness index ( ) coefficient value= ?0.001. Increasing each unit value of coefficients for and would increase the value of ; thereby providing a more sustainable pavement infrastructure; which explains the significance of the model and why will most likely impact environmental, economic and social values.

Keywords： pavement indices     sustainability     pavement performance     flexible pavements    

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Supplier development and its incentives in infrastructure mega-projects: A case study on Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao

Wei ZENG, Jinwen ZHANG, Hongwei WANG, Hongtao ZHOU

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2018, Volume 5, Issue 1,   Pages 88-97 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018077

Abstract: In this paper the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project is taken as a case to analyze supplier development

Keywords： infrastructure mega-project     supplier development     critical success factors     incentives     case study    

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Investigating the effect of online and offline reputation on the provision of online counseling services: A casestudy of the Internet hospitals in China

Frontiers of Engineering Management   Pages 563-576 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0198-0

Abstract: The objective of our study is to explore the factors motivating Chinese physicians to provide online

Keywords： Internet hospitals     physicians’ online counseling     online reputation     offline reputation    

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Causations of failure in megaprojects: A case study of the Ajaokuta Steel Plant project

Oluwole Alfred OLATUNJI

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2018, Volume 5, Issue 3,   Pages 334-346 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018011

Abstract: While normative literature only recognizes project success in a definitive perspective, this study provides

Keywords： industrial projects     megaprojects     Nigeria     project organizational theories     steel plant    

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TRADE-OFFS IN THE DESIGN OF SUSTAINABLE CROPPING SYSTEMS AT A REGIONAL LEVEL: A CASE STUDY ON THE NORTH

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 295-308 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021434

Abstract:

Since the Green Revolution cropping systems have been progressively homogenized and intensified with increasing rates of inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides and water. This has resulted in higher crop productivity but also a high environmental burden due to increased pollution and water depletion. To identify opportunities for increasing the productivity and reducing the environmental impact of cropping systems, it is crucial to assess the associated trade-offs. The paper presents a model-based analysis of how 30 different crop rotations practiced in the North China Plain could be combined at the regional level to overcome trade-offs between indicators of economic, food security, and environmental performance. The model uses evolutionary multi-objective optimization to maximize revenues, livestock products, dietary and vitamin C yield, and to minimize the decline of the groundwater table. The modeling revealed substantial trade-offs between objectives of maximizing productivity and profitability versus minimizing ground water decline, and between production of livestock products and vitamin C yield. Six strategies each defining a specific combination of cropping systems and contributing to different extents to the various objectives were identified. Implementation of these six strategies could be used to find opportunities to mitigate the trade-offs between objectives. It was concluded that a holistic analysis of the potential of a diversity cropping systems at a regional level is needed to find integrative solutions for challenges due to conflicting objectives for food production, economic viability and environmental protection.

Keywords： crop rotation / food security / multi-objective optimization / water use    

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Aerosol transmission, an indispensable route of COVID-19 spread: case study of a department-store cluster

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 3, doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1386-6

Abstract:

• Aerosol transmission is an indispensable route of COVID-19 spread.

Keywords： SARS-CoV-2     COVID-19     Environmental factor     Aerosol transmission     Epidemiologic characteristic    

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Impact of energy structure adjustment on air quality: a case study in Beijing, China

Bin ZHAO, Jiayu XU, Jiming HAO

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 3,   Pages 378-390 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0357-8

Abstract: Energy consumption is a major cause of air pollution in Beijing, and the adjustment of the energy structure is of strategic importance to the reduction of carbon intensity and the improvement of air quality. In this paper, we explored the future trend of energy structure adjustment in Beijing till 2020, designed five energy scenarios focusing on the fuel substitution in power plants and heating sectors, established emission inventories, and utilized the Mesoscale Modeling System Generation 5 (MM5) and the Models-3/Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) to evaluate the impact of these measures on air quality. By implementing this systematic energy structure adjustment, the emissions of PM , PM , SO , NO , and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) will decrease distinctly by 34.0%, 53.2%, 78.3%, 47.0%, and 30.6% respectively in the most coal-intensive scenario of 2020 compared with 2005. Correspondingly, MM5-Models-3/CMAQ simulations indicate significant reduction in the concentrations of major pollutants, implying that energy structure adjustment can play an important role in improving Beijing’s air quality. By fuel substitution for power plants and heating boilers, PM , PM , SO , NO , and NMVOCs will be reduced further, but slightly by 1.7%, 4.5%, 11.4%, 13.5%, and 8.8% respectively in the least coal-intensive scenario. The air quality impacts of different scenarios in 2020 resemble each other, indicating that the potential of air quality improvement due to structure adjustment in power plants and heating sectors is limited. However, the CO emission is 10.0% lower in the least coal-intensive scenario than in the most coal-intensive one, contributing to Beijing’s ambition to build a low carbon city. Except for energy structure adjustment, it is necessary to take further measures to ensure the attainment of air quality standards.

Keywords： Beijing     energy structure adjustment     air quality     Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ)     scenario    

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critical factors that affect the application of information technology in construction management: A casestudy of China

Meishan JIA, Youquan XU, Pengwang HE, Lingmin ZHAO

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2022, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 281-296 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0122-4

Abstract: The new mode for managing construction projects with information technology (IT) has attracted worldwide attention because it can help managers and workers perform tasks and bring potential benefits, such as high-quality products and accident-free production, effectively. However, the application of IT in site have not achieved expected results because it is faced with many constraints caused by internal factors from enterprises and projects and external factors from the government and environment. Although many relevant studies have discussed the constraints of implementing different IT and devices in the construction industry or site, few articles have specifically focused on identifying and analyzing the indicator system. In this work, we took China as the background, scientifically identified 23 influential factors that affect the implementation of IT in construction management through literature review and expert interviews. Subsequently, questionnaires were issued, and Delphi method was used to obtain empirical data that aimed at four different management fields. Then, an efficient and convenient method called DEMATEL was used to deal with these data. Afterward, the factors were divided into four categories, namely, core, diving, independent, and impact factors. Finally, the similarities and differences of the analysis results from the four fields were compared, and the key factors were identified. Results show that the cross-domain talent ability, concept and value cognition, and organization structure are core factors in all management fields that should be managed first along with the IT innovation ability in the enterprise. The formulation of technical standards and related device and training input are also critical in specific fields. Strategic planning plays a role in macro control and promotion. Data management and application, platform construction, solution, and collaboration have direct impacts on information management. The research results provide suggestions not only for the government to formulate effective policies for IT application and promotion in construction industry, but also for enterprises to take measures in improving management efficiency in the construction site and realizing its substantial benefits.

Keywords： information technology     construction management     influential factors     empirical study     DEMATEL    

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Organizational evolution of project management teams over the whole lifecycle of megaprojects: Case study

Frontiers of Engineering Management   Pages 439-454 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0211-7

Abstract: explores the organizational evolution of megaproject management teams through a longitudinal retrospective casestudy of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge (HZMB) project.Basing on the HZMB case study, this paper summarizes six critical measures that facilitate the organizational

Keywords： megaproject     organizational evolution     whole lifecycle management     project management team    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

EXPLORING THE RECYCLING OF MANURE FROM URBAN LIVESTOCK FARMS: A CASE STUDY IN ETHIOPIA

Journal Article

Microplastics in municipal wastewater treatment plants: a case study of Denizli/Turkey

Journal Article

Identification of variants associated with sporadic thoracic aortic dissection: a case--control study

Journal Article

Screening of indicator pharmaceuticals and personal care products in landfill leachates: a case study

Journal Article

Comparison of indirect boundary element and finite element methods A case study: Shiraz-Esfahan railway

Amin MANOUCHEHRIAN, Mohammad Fatehi MARJI, Mohsen MOHEBBI

Journal Article

Classification and quantification of excavated soil and construction sludge: A case study in Wenzhou,

Journal Article

Pavement sustainability index for highway infrastructures: A case study of Maryland

Stella O. OBAZEE-IGBINEDION, Oludare OWOLABI

Journal Article

Supplier development and its incentives in infrastructure mega-projects: A case study on Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao

Wei ZENG, Jinwen ZHANG, Hongwei WANG, Hongtao ZHOU

Journal Article

Investigating the effect of online and offline reputation on the provision of online counseling services: A casestudy of the Internet hospitals in China

Journal Article

Causations of failure in megaprojects: A case study of the Ajaokuta Steel Plant project

Oluwole Alfred OLATUNJI

Journal Article

TRADE-OFFS IN THE DESIGN OF SUSTAINABLE CROPPING SYSTEMS AT A REGIONAL LEVEL: A CASE STUDY ON THE NORTH

Journal Article

Aerosol transmission, an indispensable route of COVID-19 spread: case study of a department-store cluster

Journal Article

Impact of energy structure adjustment on air quality: a case study in Beijing, China

Bin ZHAO, Jiayu XU, Jiming HAO

Journal Article

critical factors that affect the application of information technology in construction management: A casestudy of China

Meishan JIA, Youquan XU, Pengwang HE, Lingmin ZHAO

Journal Article

Organizational evolution of project management teams over the whole lifecycle of megaprojects: Case study

Journal Article